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FunctionThe purpose of crystallographic goniometry is to measure the interfacial angles of crystals to determine their type.
To determine the angle between two surfaces, one has to hold the crystal edge at the scissor opening between the limbs of the goniometer. The angle being measured is read from the scale. Such contact goniometers usually have an accuracy between 15 minutes and 1 degree.
Historical AttributesPurchased in London in 1797 for Professor Waterhouse (see College Papers IV, 3, 1979 in Harvard University Archives). Possibly the first goniometer in the United States.
The instrument was used by Waterhouse for classroom instruction in mineralogy, then given in the Medical School. (see Clifford Frondel, "An Overview of Crystallography in North America" in McLachlan, Dan and Jenny P. Glusker eds. Crystallography in North America (American Crystallographic Association: New York, 1983), p. 1). The instrument cost 14s and was bought from W&S. Jones (see I.B. Cohen, Some Early Tools of American Science (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1950), p. 119-20).
Primary SourcesCollege Papers IV, 3, 1979 in Harvard University Archives (See Historical Attributions).
ProvenanceProfessor Frondel, Geology Department, Harvard University